No Romance Found in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

No Romance Found in Young Goodman Brown   â â â â Nathaniel Hawthorne, in his short story, Youthful Goodman Brown, creates a relationship in direct appear differently in relation to that of a genuine sentiment among the jobs of Faith and Young Goodman Brown.â Whereas, a genuine sentiment is the perfect sentiment, exhibitingâ temperate viewpoints, for example, trust, too as a consuming enthusiasm and an undying affection for one another.â The relationship which Young Goodman makes among himself and Faith is one that is lethargic , and depends on doubt and an ability on his part to forsake her.   â â â â Consequently, most definitely, somebody rapidly call Dr. Ruth since this marriage is in trouble.â After Faith asks Goodman not to leave that night, arguing, ask hesitate with me this night, dear spouse, of the entire evenings in the year, he answers her adage , my excursion must be done.â He at that point addresses the earnestness of her impossible to miss request asking whether she questions him.â Since when is it such a fantastical solicitation for a spouse to approach her significant other for organization on guaranteed night?â Does this solicitation connote an absence of trust in her husband?â If anything, it delineates an absence of fearlessness in himself just as a absence of trust in her.â what's more, in the wake of withdrawing his better half, Goodman Brown states to the baffling man he meets in the woods, that Confidence kept [him] back awhile.â This implies albeit the two his significant other, Faith, and his own confidence postpone him, they can't stop him and in this way aren't a higher priority than submitting this deed.   â â â â Furthermore, there is no proof of his trust for her in the marriage.â Immediately subsequent to seeing a pink lace vacillating down onto the part of a tree, Young Goodman Brown shouts out, my Faith is no more! By this announcement, Goodman implies that his better half has truly headed toward the fallen angel and that his confidence in her is gone.â This, along these lines demonstrates the nonattendance of trust in his wife.â When he sees Faith in the woodland, he shouts to her to oppose the fallen angel, however is uncertain of her ultmate choice. Subsequently, upon his arrival to town, Hawthorne composes after that night, he shrank from the chest of Faith.

Analysis for Jeep Grand Cherokee Essay Example

Examination for Jeep Grand Cherokee Paper The advert indicates a jeep on harsh territory driving past a wooden shack. The scene is set in the wide open where nothing can be seen for a significant distance. The reviewing takes a modest quantity of the entire page, which shows the promoters, need you to focus on the jeep rather then the text. The grapple on the advert could be deciphered in various manners to the expected one. 8 on the Richter scale shows the jeep is amazing and can overwhelm anything. Richter scale is likely the catchphrase as it implies thoughts of influence and quality. The wooden hovel seems as though it has been in a tremor however in reality the promoters needs to show you can drive it and feel ordering. At the base of the advert it educates you concerning the motor detail and the rich inside. The organization needs to flaunt the best bits of the vehicle. In the upper left hand corner it has the organization logo and the words THERES ONLY ONE. The advert functions in general by putting the signifier for power (V8 Engine) close to the logo Jeep. This speaks to customers just this jeep will give you the thoughts and ideally convince individuals to get one. The inscription will impact a customer in their view of the item: Jeep is a one of a kind 44 producer that high society individuals may drive around town to do their tasks or individuals who need to be amazing/telling and utilize the vehicle to its greatest breaking point. We will compose a custom article test on Analysis for Jeep Grand Cherokee explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Analysis for Jeep Grand Cherokee explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Analysis for Jeep Grand Cherokee explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This recommends it is indexical. Tremors are related with power/clamor and the seismic thunder from under the hood makes individuals need to get it. This implies to the vast majority, an implying that it is a decent, in vogue vehicle that will dazzle and everyone will need. The obscured foundation is additionally significant on the grounds that it indicates an impression of speed and colossal force, which will assist with selling the vehicle. Moreover the man in the vehicle isn't extremely youthful which is as it should be. The advert is planned, clearly, to target individuals who can bear the cost of the 30,000 jeep, thus the picture of the moderately aged man, who possibly has enough cash to get one, is significant. The photography of the vehicle is answerable for making the advert function also. Despite the fact that the obscured foundation is most likely PC produced, the vehicle is a photo. The camera never lies, yet here it has been decided to catch the picture when the wheel centers are obscured with speed and the slight gleaming off the hood and headlights adds to extravagance ride common individuals could be encountering. In taking a gander at the picture of the notable jeep, the advert indicates a vehicle going on a significant distance territory in a characteristic setting, which means that the jeep is equipped for dealing with harsh landscape too, a smooth ride. Additionally it is a practical portrayal of the sorts of streets the vehicle possibly going on and whatever it (or absence of it) tosses at you. The comparing of a dull sky and indigenous habitat implies a perfection and quality of puzzle, further suggesting to the buyer that it is attractive. This is the equivalent with the vehicle, as it is a dim shading as well. This dull/normal shading setting is typically proceeded to the jeep itself, with the goal that the shopper relates the qualities connoted by the regular setting to the item. The image of the jeep is on the left hand side where the sky is darker which recommends the vehicle has quite recently passed through the quake and endure. The advert is almost certain focused on men, who will in general be the fundamental cash workers and progressively intrigued by vehicles and furthermore the portrayal of shading for guys is typically dim, and for females, dim, which further suggests it is focused on men. The belief system at work here is noteworthy: the vehicle speaks to power and authority and subsequently, men figure out how to seek to such pictures. The notice causes the peruser to feel in charge and make individuals purchase the item at cost.

Major General Joseph Hooker in the Civil War

Significant General Joseph Hooker in the Civil War Conceived November 13, 1814, at Hadley, MA, Joseph Hooker was the child of nearby storekeeper Joseph Hooker and Mary Seymour Hooker. Raised locally, his family originated from old New England stock and his granddad had filled in as a skipper during the American Revolution. Subsequent to accepting his initial training at Hopkins Academy, he chose to seek after a military profession. With the help of his mom and his instructor, Hooker had the option to pick up the consideration of Representative George Grennell who gave an arrangement to the United State Military Academy. Showing up at West Point in 1833, Hookers colleagues included Braxton Bragg, Jubal A. Early, John Sedgwick, and John C. Pemberton. Progressing through the educational plan, he demonstrated a normal understudy and graduated four years after the fact positioned 29th in a class of 50. Appointed as a second lieutenant in the first US Artillery, he was sent to Florida to battle in the Second Seminole War. While there, the regiment participated in a few minor commitment and needed to suffer difficulties from the atmosphere and condition. Mexico With the start of the Mexican-American War in 1846, Hooker was relegated to the staff of Brigadier General Zachary Taylor. Participating in the intrusion of upper east Mexico, he got a brevet advancement to chief for his presentation at the Battle of Monterrey. Moved to the military of Major General Winfield Scott, he partook in the attack of Veracruz and the crusade against Mexico City. Again filling in as a staff official, he reliably showed coolness enduring an onslaught. Over the span of the development, he got extra brevet advancements to major and lieutenant colonel. An attractive youthful official, Hooker started to build up a notoriety for being a women man while in Mexico and was regularly alluded to as the Handsome Captain by local people. Between the Wars In the months after the war, Hooker had a dropping out with Scott. This was the aftereffect of Hooker supporting Major General Gideon Pillow against Scott at the formers court-military. The case saw Pillow blamed for disobedience following refusal to modify overstated after-activity reports and afterward sending letters to the New Orleans Delta. As Scott was the US Armys senior general, Hookers activities had long haul negative ramifications for his profession and he left the administration in 1853. Settling in Sonoma, CA, he started functioning as a designer and rancher. Supervising 550-section of land ranch, Hooker developed cordwood with constrained achievement. Progressively discontent with these interests, Hooker went to drinking and betting. He additionally took a stab at governmental issues however was crushed trying to run for the state council. Tired of non military personnel life, Hooker applied to Secretary of War John B. Floyd in 1858 and requested to be restored as a lieutenant colonel. This solicitation was denied and his military exercises were constrained to a colonelcy in the California volunteer army. An outlet for his military goals, he managed its first place to stay in Yuba County. The Civil War Begins With the flare-up of the Civil War, Hooker ended up coming up short on target to travel east. Marked by a companion, he made the excursion and promptly offered his administrations to the Union. His underlying endeavors were repelled and he had to watch the First Battle of Bull Run as an observer. In the wake of the destruction, he composed an enthusiastic letter to President Abraham Lincoln and was named as a brigadier general of volunteers in August 1861. Rapidly moving from detachment to division order, he helped Major General George B. McClellan in sorting out the new Army of the Potomac. With the start of the Peninsula Campaign in mid 1862, he told the second Division, III Corps. Progressing up the Peninsula, Hookers division partook in the Siege of Yorktown in April and May. During the attack, he earned a notoriety for taking care of his men and seeing to their government assistance. Performing great at the Battle of Williamsburg on May 5, Hooker was elevated to significant general compelling that date however he felt insulted by his bosses after activity report.â Battling Joe It was during his time on the Peninsula that Hooker earned the moniker Fighting Joe. Loathed by Hooker who thought it made him sound like a typical desperado, the name was the aftereffect of a typographical mistake in a Northern paper. Regardless of the Union turns around during the Seven Days Battles in June and July, Hooker proceeded with sparkle on the war zone. Moved north to Major General John Popes Army of Virginia, his men participated in the Union thrashing at Second Manassas in late August. On September 6, he was provided order of III Corps, which was redesignated I Corps six days after the fact. As General Robert E. Dregs Army of Northern Virginia moved north into Maryland, it was sought after by Union soldiers under McClellan. Hooker originally drove his corps fighting on September 14 when it battled well at South Mountain. After three days, his men opened the taking on at the Conflict of Antietam and connected with Confederate soldiers under Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson. Over the span of the battling, Hooker was injured in the foot and must be taken from the field. Recouping from his injury, he came back to the military to locate that Major General Ambrose Burnside had supplanted McClellan. Provided order of a Grand Division comprising of III and V Corps, his men took substantial misfortunes that December at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Long a vocal pundit of his bosses, Hooker tirelessly assaulted Burnside in the press and in the wake of the latters bombed Mud March in January 1863 these heightened. In spite of the fact that Burnside expected to evacuate his enemy, he was kept from doing so when he himself was eased by Lincoln on January 26. In Command To supplant Burnside, Lincoln went to Hooker because of his notoriety for forceful battling and decided to disregard the officers history of straightforwardness and hard living. Expecting order of the Army of the Potomac, Hooker worked vigorously to improve the conditions for his men and improve resolve. These were to a great extent effective and he was popular with his troopers. Hookers plan for the spring required an enormous scope mounted force assault to upset the Confederate flexibly lines while he took the military on a broad flanking walk to strike Lees position at Fredericksburg in the back. While the rangers assault was to a great extent a disappointment, Hooker prevailing with regards to astounding Lee and increased an early favorable position in the Battle of Chancellorsville. In spite of the fact that effective, Hooker started to lose his nerve as the fight proceeded and expected an undeniably cautious stance. Taken in the flank by a daring assault by Jackson on May 2, Hooker was constrained back. The following day, at the tallness of the battling, he was harmed when the column he was inclining toward was struck by a cannonball. At first thumped oblivious, he was weakened the vast majority of the day however would not surrender order. Recuperating, he was constrained to withdraw back over the Rappahannock River. Having crushed Hooker, Lee started moving north to attack Pennsylvania. Coordinated to screen Washington and Baltimore, Hooker followed however he previously recommended a strike on Richmond. Moving north, he got into an argument about protective game plans at Harpers Ferry with Washington and imprudently offered his abdication in fight. Having progressively lost trust in Hooker, Lincoln acknowledged and designated Major General George G. Meade to supplant him. Meade would lead the military to triumph at Gettysburg a couple of days after the fact. Goes West In the wake of Gettysburg, Hooker was moved west to the Army of the Cumberland alongside the XI and XII Corps. Serving under Major General Ulysses S. Award, he immediately recaptured his notoriety for being a successful authority at the Battle of Chattanooga. During these activities, his men won the Battle of Lookout Mountain on November 23 and partook in the bigger battling two days after the fact. In April 1864, XI and XII Corps were merged into XX Corps under Hookers order. Serving in the Army of the Cumberland, XX Corps performed well during Major General William T. Shermans drive against Atlanta. On July 22, the leader of the Army of the Tennessee, Major General James McPherson, was murdered at the Battle of Atlanta and supplanted by Major General Oliver O. Howard. This enraged Hooker as he was senior and reprimanded Howard for the thrashing at Chancellorsville. Requests to Sherman were futile and Hooker requested to be diminished. Leaving Georgia, he was provided order of the Northern Department for the rest of the war. Later Life Following the war, Hooker stayed in the military. He resigned in 1868 as a significant general in the wake of enduring a stroke that left him in part incapacitated. In the wake of spending quite a bit of his resigned life around New York City, he kicked the bucket on October 31, 1879, while visiting Garden City, NY. He was covered at Spring Grove Cemetery in his wifes, Olivia Groesbeck, old neighborhood of Cincinnati, OH. Despite the fact that known for his hard drinking and wild way of life, the extent of Hookers individual adventures is a subject of much discussion among his biographers.

The Variables That Are Impacting On Stock Prices Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

In this chapter the available literature on the topic will be reviewed critically to enable a better understanding of the variables impacting on stock prices. This section examines different studies published by researchers, followed by empirical evidence on macroeconomic variables that could affect the stock price. 2.1 Theoretical Review In this study we will examine the relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock prices. Three variables namely money supply, inflation and exchange rate will be discussed. 2.1.1 Macroeconomic Variables and stock prices A firms economic; industry and stock analysis should be taken in account during the valuation process (Reily and Brown,2006; 361). The top down approach (the three-step) approach asserts that both the economy and industry affects the returns of individual stocks on the valuation process compared to the bottoms-up approach which indicate that it is possible to provide superior returns to find stock irrespective of the direction of the economy and state of the industry. The basic difference between these two approaches is how investors regard the importance of economic and industry influences on individual stock returns. Various studies analyzing the results of economic variables on stock returns have maintained the top-down investment process. The economic background and the performance of firms industry affect the value of security and its rate of return. Thus some macroeconomic variables would be regarded as a priori of risk that are common to all companies. The relationship be tween stock prices and macroeconomic variables is well illustrated by the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) proposed by Miller and Modigliani (1961) than any other theoretical stock valuation model. The stocks value is still just the present value of its future cash flows. Since the only cash flows an equity owner ever gets are dividends, the model is called the dividend discount model. Therefore, the current price of share of common stock is presented as follows: Where Po = the current stock price D = the expected cash dividend, n = the expected year in which the payment of dividend is expected k = the required rate of return. If an investor sells the stock, the purchaser of the stock is just buying the remaining dividend stream, so the stocks value is still determined by the dividend it pays. The most widely known DDM model is the Gordon growth model (Gordon, 1962). It expresses the value of a stock based on a constant growth rate of dividends. The equation shows that the value of a stock is determined by the current dividend, its growth rate and the discount rate. Gordon Growth Model has simplified the valuation of stock as follows: This equation simplifies to the infinite period dividend discount model. Projected stock value P=D/k-g where D = expected dividend per share one year from now; k = required rate of return for equity investor; G = growth rate in dividends This model is appropriate for finding the stock value with the assumptions that dividend are expected to continue growing at a constant rate and the growth rate is supposed to be lower than the required return on equity, ke In accordance with the model the current price of an equity share equals the present value of the future cash flows. Hence, the determinants of share prices are the required rate of return and expected cash flows implying that economic factors that affect the expected future cash flow and required rate of return influence the share price. (Humpe and Mcmillan, 2007, Gan 2006) Another method of associating macroeconomics variables and stock market returns is through arbitrage pricing (APT) (Ross,1976), where multiple risk factors can analyze asset returns. It may be used as a cumulative stock market scheme, where a change in a given macroeconomic variable could reflect a change in an underlying systemic risk factor affecting future returns. Some of the empirical work on APT theory, combining the state of the macroeconomic to stock returns, is identified by modeling a short run relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock price in terms of first difference, estimating trend stationarity. Subsequently, Chen, Roll and Ross (1986), have showed that economic forces affect discount rates, the ability of  ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ rms to bring about cash  ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡ows, and future dividend payouts, given the assumption that a long-term equilibrium existed among macroeconomic variables and stock p rices. Granger (1986) says that the efficacy of this asssumption can be analyzed using a cointegration analysis. In statistics, the existence of cointegration between appropriate factors indicates that a linear combination of nonstationary time series shows a stationary series. In economics, the presence of such a linear combination creates a long term equilibrium relationship. Chen, Roll and Ross 1986 analyze the impact of macroeconomics variables on the stock return. The economic theory says that stock prices should reflect anticipations about futures corporate performance which typically reflect the level of economic activities. Thus, if stock prices correctly reflect the underlying fundamentals, then the stock prices should be applied as crucial indicators of future economic activity. Nevertheless, if economic activities reflect the movement of stock prices, then the results should be the opposite, meaning economic activities should lead stock price. Thus the causal relations hip and correlations between economics factors and stock prices are important in formulating the countrys macroeconomic policy. According to Oberuc (2004), the economic factors commonly linked with stock prices by researchers are industrial production, dividend yield, interest rate, term spread, default spread, exchange rates, inflation ,money supply, GNP or GDP and previous stock returns, among others. 2.1.2 Money supply and stock prices Monetary policy influences the general economy through a transmission mechanism. In an expansionary monetary policy, the government creates excess liquidity through open market operation, resulting in an increase in bond prices and lowering interest rate which leads to lower required rate of return and thus higher stock price. Furthermore, higher money supply will lead to higher stock prices due to higher demand. Thus, resulting in higher inflation and higher nominal interest rate (Fisher equation). Higher interest rate leads to higher required rate of return and thus lower stock price. Friedman and Schwartz (1963) analyzed the relationship between money supply and stock returns by considering that the growth rate of money supply would affect the economy and thus the expected stock returns. Peter Sellin (2001) suggest that the money supply will affect stock price only if a change in money supply change assumption about future monetary policy. He suggests that a positive mo ney supply shock will compel people to predict tightening monetary policy in the future. The subsequent rise in bidding for bonds will raise the current rate of interest. As interest rate increase, the discount rates rise as well, and the present value of future earnings decline. Thereby decreasing stock prices. In addition, Sellin (2001) denotes economic activities diminish in accordance to a rise in interest rates, which further reduces stock prices. On the other hand, the economists argue that a positive money supply shock will lead to rise in stock prices. They explain that a change in the money supply supplies information on money demand, which is caused by future output expectations. If the money supply rise, it implies that money demand is rising, which, effectively, indicates a rise in economic activity. Higher economic activity means higher cash flows, causing stock prices to rise. 2.1.3 Inflation and stock prices Inflation rate varies from one period to another, it is important to consider the effect of inflation on stock prices. In theory stocks should be inflation neutral, with only unanticipated inflation negatively impacting stock prices. Inflation has a large impact on stock valuations. Therefore, lower inflation means higher price/earnings ratios and higher stock prices and vice versa. Fisher (1930) speculates that the nominal rate of interest is made up of two components: the expected rate of inflation (ÃÆ' Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬te) and the real rate of interest (rt): it = rt + ÃÆ' Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬te This simple equation is based on the fact that economic agents , need to be compensated if their purchasing power has decreased due to an increase in the price level. What has come to be concluded as fisher effect creates a one for one relationship between expected inflation and nominal interest rates and the ex ante real rate of interest that remains constant over the over the long-run. Applying the generalized Fisher hypothesis Gultekin (1983) study find a negative regression coefficient between inflation and stock returns for 26 countries from 1947 to 1979.Thus this indicates that it could not find support for this hypothesis. In literature a negative relationship is explained between inflation and stock prices by Fama and Schwert (1977), Chen, Roll and Ross (1986) because a rise in inflation rate is prone to lead to economic tightening policies which inturn raised the nominal risk free rate and hence the discount rate in the valuation model. A number of hypotheses have been advanced in the literature to explain this negative relationship. (i) The proxy hypothesis by Fama 1981 which include a correlation between expected inflation and expected real economic growth. He tried to explain the proxy hypothesis, the relationship between returns and inflation is not true relation, it is only the proxy relationship between stock return and growth ra te of real GNP with the inverse relationship between stock returns and inflation. It illustrates that high inflation rate may reduced money demand which lowers growth in real activity. Nevertheless, the rise in inflation rate decreases the future expected profit which will impact on the fall in stock prices through the Fisher (1930) hypothesis asserting that real returns are determined by real factors. The author believed that if real output growth is controlled the negative relation will cease. (ii) Modigliani and Cohn (1979) -inflation relation maybe that investors suffer from money illusion. If investors wrongly use the inflated nominal interest rate to discount future dividends they will minimize the value of equity with a resulting fall in prices. (iii)Fieldstein (1980)- the US inflation non-neutralities tax code which deforms accounting profits. He presents that taxation associated to depreciation and capital gain is affected by inflation which consequently affects asset valuation. He explained that rising inflation decreases share prices because of the interaction of inflation with the tax system. 2.1.4 Exchange rate and stock prices In literature a number of hypotheses support the relationship between exchange rate and stock prices. (i)Goods market approaches (Dornbusch and Fischer, 1980) This approach says that changes in exchange rates influence the competitiveness of a firm as fluctuations in exchange rate affects the value of the earnings and cost of its funds as many companies borrow in foreign currencies to fund their operations and hence its stock price. A currency depreciation makes exporting goods attractive and leads to an increase in foreign demand and hence revenue for the firm and its value would appreciate and hence the stock prices. Moreover, an appreciating currency reduces profits for an exporting firm because it leads to a fall in foreign demand of its products. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of the value of an importing firm to exchange rate changes is just the opposite to that of an exporting firm. Therefore an appreciating currency has both a negative and a positive effect on the domestic stock market for an export-dominant and an import-dominated country, respectively (Ma and Kao, 1990). Furthermore, variations in exchange rates affect a f irms transaction exposure. That is, exchange rate movements also influence the value of a firms future payables (or receivables) denominated in foreign currency. Hence on a macro basis, the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on stock market seems to depend on both the importance of a countrys international trades in its economy and the degree of the trade imbalance. (ii)Portfolio Balance approach This approach lays emphasis on the role of capital account transaction. (Tahir and Ghani, 2004). In this approach, rising (falling) of stock prices would attract capital inflows from international investors which may cause a rise in the demand for a countrys currency. An increase (decrease) in stock prices will lead to an appreciation (depreciation) in exchange rates due to an increase in the demand (supply) of local currency. However, an exogenous increase in domestic stock prices will lead to a rise in domestic wealth and as a result lead to an increase in the demand for money, thus increasing interest rates. High interest rates will cause capital inflows resulting in an appreciation of domestic currency (Krueger, 1983). 2.2 Empirical Review 2.2.1 Macroeconomics Variables and Stock prices The work introduced by Chen, Roll and Ross (1986) explained that macroeconomic variables were affecting asset returns systematically applying the APT models namely, the spread between long and short-term interest rate, expected and unexpected inflation , industrial production and the spread between high- and low- grade bonds using 20 equally weighted portfolios of US securities from1958 to 1984. They take Industrial production to proxy for the current real cash flows, inflation influences returns as nominal cash flow growth rates are not equal to expected inflation rate, the spread between long and short term interest rates and the high or low grade bond spread affect the choice of discount rate. He found that a long term equilibrium relationship exists between stock prices and macroeconomic variables and conclude asset prices react sensitively to economic news, especially to unanticipated news. However, Hamao (1988) analyze the Japanese equity market by applying the multi-facto r APT similar to Chen, Roll and Ross (1986) in US security market. Factors examined include (1) industrial production, (2) inflation, (3) investor confidence, (4) interest rate, (5) foreign exchange, and (6) oil prices. He found that stock returns are significantly affected by changes in expected inflation and unanticipated changes in risk premia and in the slope of the term structure of interest rates and that changes in monthly production and trade terms appear insignificant in asset pricing whereas unexpected changes in exchange rate and changes in oil prices are not priced in the stock market. Using the multivariate analysis, Mahmood et al (2009) analyzed the relationship between economic variables and stock price in six Asian Pacific countries . By using monthly data on foreign exchange rate , consumer price index, industrial production and stock price he finds that there is a long run relationship between the variables in Japan, Korea, Hong Kong and Australia. There is no s uch relationship between stock price and macroeconomic variables in the short run period for all countires except Thailand and Hong Kong. The results show evidence of short run relationship running from output to stock price in Thailand and between foreign exchange rate and stock price in Hong Kong. This relationship will help investors in taking effective investment decisions and policy-makers in implementing policies to support more capital inflow into the capital markets of the specific countries. . Employing cointegration analysis, Chowdhury A.R(1995) examine the issue of informational efficiency in the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh. By using monthly data on narrow and broad money supply and stock price, he finds that the bivariate models indicate independence between stock prices and the monetary aggregated implying the market is informationally inefficient. Nonetheless, it is distinguished that bivariate models were unsuccessful to address the obvious possibility that the relationship may be driven by another variable acting both on the stock price and the money supply. Therefore the multivariate models were estimated by using two more variables namely industrial production index and the nominal exchange rate. This model demonstrates a unidirectional causality from the money supply to stock price. These results appear to be indifferent to the functional form of the variables used. Thus stock price do not reflect immediate changes in monetary policy and fail to anticipa te future growth in money supply thus the market is inefficient. Using Johansens (1998) VECM, Mukherjee and Naka (1995) examine the dynamic relationship between six macroeconomic variables and the Japanese stock market. They considered monthly data from January 1971 to December 1990 of Japanese stock market and macroeconomic variables, involving money supply, exchange rate, industrial production, inflation, long-term government bond rate and call money rate. A VECM model of seven equations was used. Obtained results illustrate that stock returns are cointegrated with a set of macroeconomic variables by providing long term equilibrium. He found a positive relationship between, money supply, exchange rate real activity and short term interest rate and a negative relationship between long term bond and inflation Using quarterly data from 1991 to 2007 Adam and Tweneboah (2008) analyzed the impact of macroeconomic variables on stock prices in Ghana using quarterly data from 1991 to 2007. They examined both the long-run and short-run dynamic relationships between the stock market index and the economic factors-inward foreign direct investment, treasury bill rate, consumer price index, average oil prices and exchange rates using a multivariate analysis and developed the following equation: Where ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²0 is a constant , ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1,ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²4 are the sensitivity of each of the macroeconomic variables to stock price and is a stationary error correction term. Variables Concept LDSI Log of stock index LCPI Log of consumer price index LXR Log of exchange rate LTB Log of treasury bills LFDI Log of foreign direct investment They found a long run cointegrating relation between macroeconomic factors and stock prices. The VECM analysis illustrates that the lagged values of inflation and interest rate have a significant impact on the stock market whereas the inward fore ign direct investments, oil prices, and the exchange rate show weak influence on price changes. To examine the informational efficiency of stock market in Malaysia, Ibrahim (1999) study the dynamic relation between stock prices and seven macroeconomic variables from 1977 to 1996 and suggests there is cointegration between credit aggregates, consumer prices, foreign reserves and stock prices and there is Granger causality between foreign reserves and exchange rate in the short run. The findings strongly suggest informational inefficiency of the Malaysian market. The analysis shows that stock prices expect variation in the money supply, industrial production, and the exchange rate while they respond to the changes from long run path of credit aggregates, consumer prices and foreign reserves. 2.2.2 Money and Stock Market Ho (1983) analyzed the relationship of money supply and stock returns for six Asian Pacific countries. The countries studied were Hong Kong, Australia, Philippines, Japan, Thailand and Singapore. By using monthly data for stock price and two money supply, M1 and M2 and by applying cointegration test and causality test , he found that there is a unidirectional causality from money supply to stock price in Japan and Philippines but found bidirectional causality in Singapore. However, Hong Kong, Australia and Thailand also found unidirectional causality but only for M2. Using quarterly data for the period 1961 to 1986 Friedman (1996), analyzed the role of the real stock price as a variable in the demand function for money .He found that real quantity of money (defined as M2) demanded relative to income is positively related to the deflated price of equities (Standard and Poors composite) three quarters earlier and negatively related to the simultaneous real stock price. The positiv e relationship seemed to reflect a wealth effect; the negative, a substitution effect. The wealth effect appears stronger than the substitution effect. The volume of transactions has an appreciable impact on M1 velocity but not on M2 velocity. 2.2.3 Inflation and Stock prices According to Famas (1981) proxy hypothesis, expected inflation is negatively correlated with anticipated real activity that there should be a negative relationship. Kaul (1990) examined the relationship between expected inflation and the stock market and found positive returns on the stock market. He clearly models the relationship between expected inflation and stock market returns rather than using the short term interest rate as a proxy for expected inflation; his finding is consistent with Famas (1981) proxy hypothesis and demonstrates that the relationship between stock returns and expected inflation in the US is significant and negative. Fama and Schwert (1977) found that common stock returns were negatively related to the expected component of the inflation rate and apparently also to the unexpected component from the period 1953-1971. They claimed, We can reject the hypothesis that common stocks are a hedge against the expected monthly inflation rate. Arjoon.R et al ( 2010) examine the long run relationship between inflation and real stock price in South Africa by employing the bivariate vector autoregressive methodology developed by King and Watson (1997). The results indicate that real stock prices are consistent to permanent changes in the long run. The impulse response showed a positive stock price response to a permanent shock in inflation in the long run, implying that any deviations in the short run stock price will be adjusted towards the long run. Hence, the long run estimates of the real stock price response to a permanent inflation shock that are zero or positive are theoretically reasonable. It is concluded that inflation does not lower the real value of stocks in South Africa at least in the long run. Maysami 2004, reported a positive relation between inflation and Singapore stock returns as such it is contrary to the results of Fama and Schwert (1977), Nelson (1976). Adam and Tweneboah for Ghana (2008) also reported a positive re lationship between inflation and stock returns. In case of CPI, the US and Japan shows a negative coefficient for the stock price.(Humpe Macmillan 2007).These results differ from the empirical works which have obtained a significant negative relationship between stock prices and inflation. 2.2.4 Exchange rate and Stock prices The results of these studies are, however, inconclusive. Authors Name Time Frame Methodology Results of Exchange Rates and Stock prices Aggarwal (1981) 1974-1978 US Correlation analysis Positive correlation Soenen and Hanniger (1988) 1980-1986 Correlation analysis Strong negative Abdalla and Murinde (1997) 1985-1994 Pakistan Granger causality test Unidirectional causality Amare and Mohsin (2000) 1980-1998 Philippines Long run relationship Muhammad and Rasheed (2002) 1994-2000 Inida Cointegration and Granger causality test, VECM No association between exchange rate and stock price Kim (2003) 1974-1998 U.S.A ECM and Variance Decomposition Negartive relationship between SP and the exchange rate Doong et al. (2005) Thailand Cointegration and Granger Causality Bidirectional causality Aggarwal (1981) analyzed the impact of exchange rate changes in US stock prices by using monthly data from 1974 to 1978 for the floating exchange rate period. Employing cointegration analysis he found that there is a positive relationship betw een the US dollar and the changes in stock prices. However, Soenen and Hennigar (1980) analyzed the exchange rate and stock price in the same market but at different time period found a negative relationship. Moreover, Solnik(1987) examine the influence of several economic variables including exchange rates on stock prices in nine industrialized countries. He found a weak positive relation between real stock return differentials and changes in the real exchange rates and found that this would support the idea that anticipated real growth has a positive influence on the exchange rate. Hence this weak relation might be generated by the fact that stock returns are a poor proxy for real economic growth and a more complete model should be designated. The result indicates that the exchange rate proved to be a non significant factor in explaining the development of stock price. By examining the relationship between exchange rate and stock price for eight advanced economies from 1985 to 1991 Ajay and Mougoue (1996) found that there are significant short run and long run feedback relations between these two financial markets. An increase in stock price has a negative short run effects as well as a positive long run effect on domestic currency value. Also, currency depreciation has a negative both short run and long run effect on the stock market. In applying both the Engle-Granger AND Johansens test Nieh and Lee (2001) found no significant long run relationship between stock prices and exchange rate in G-7 countries, and they conclude that each countrys difference in economic stage, government policy and expectation pattern may explain the differing results. Furthermore, they found significant short term relationships for these countries. Nevertheless, in some countries, stock prices and exchange rate may serve to predict the future paths of these variables. For instance, they found that currency depreciation stimulates Canadian and UK stocks markets with a on e-day lag, and that increases in stock prices cause currency depreciation in Italy and Japan, again with a one- day lag. Economists have tried to examine exchange rates-stock price relationship for a long time. Most studies find some relations and causality, other find no causality between these two variables. Furthermore, direction of causality changes from one economy to another. The inconsistency in the findings is due to the different time lags and frequency of data used. The reason for these differences can be explained by time period used for data, econometric models used and economic policies of countries. 2.3 Conclusion The relation between inflation and stock prices should be negative as hypothesized by Fama (1981),he argued that the main determinant of the stock price is the companys future earnings potential .If inflation and future expected output in the economy are negatively correlated, then inflation may proxy for future real output. This may lead to a negative relationship between stock price and inflation. As the result of studies is conflicting, the actual relationship between money supply and stock prices is an empirical question and the effect varies over countries and time. Likewise money supply and inflation, the relationship between stock return and exchange rate is not stable overtime and that there are differences among countries regardless of either developed or emerging markets. The relationship between stock prices and rate of interest should be negative. An increase in interest rates will increase the required rate of return, causing stock prices to fall.

To What Degree Did Amir Atone for His Sins and Gain...

To what degree did Amir atone for his sins and gain redemption? â€Å"There is a way to be good again,† is a quote from Rahim Khan that comes up repeatedly throughout The Kite Runner. This story revolves around Amir, the protagonist, who tries to seek forgiveness and redemption after living twenty six years with unatoned sins. When Amir was twelve, he witnessed his loyal servant and friend, Hassan, get raped in an alley. Amir was too coward to intervene and stand up for his dear friend. Later, Amir betrayed Hassan by framing him and forced him to leave their house. These events shaped the rest of the novel as Amir tried to be good again by returning back to Afghanistan and saving Hassan’s son, Sohrab from danger. One of the major†¦show more content†¦At the same time, others might say that Amir didn’t atone for his sins because he didn’t go to Afghanistan until he heard that Hassan was his half-brother and Sohrab was his nephew. Not only did Amir risk his life by going back to Kabul, but he also saved Sohrab from Taliban officials and brought him back to Pakistan. After Amir went back to Kabul, he found out that Sohrab was being held at one Taliban official’s house. When he went there to get Sohrab, he found out that the Taliban official was Assef; the guy who raped Hassan. Assef agreed to let Sohrab go in exchange for a fight with Amir. While Amir gets beaten, he thinks about the day when he asked Hassan to punish him by throwing pomegranate at him. But Hassan did not and Amir felt like he wasn’t punished. After Assef beat him up, he felt that he was redeemed because he needed to be punished for his sins. On page 289, Amir narrates his fight with Assef, â€Å"What was so funny was that, for the first time since the winter of 1975, I felt at peace. I laughed because I saw that, in some hidden nook in a corner of my mind, I’d even been looking forward to this. – My body was broken – just ho w badly I wouldn’t find out until later – but I felt healed. Healed at last.† Amir felt that he was healed because he finally was punished physically for what he did to Hassan. He was physically damaged but at the end he was able to recover and take Sohrab back to Pakistan. AmirShow MoreRelatedKhaled Hosseini s The Kite Runner1679 Words   |  7 PagesHosseini s homeland was the inspiration for his novel, The Kite Runner, which gave his readers a taste of what Afghanistan was before the brutal invasions of the Taliban. He spent his early childhood living in Tehran, Iran, where he befriended his family s cook. The unexpected friendship between a young Afghan and a member of the Hazara ethnic group exposed Hosseini to the acts of injustice against minority groups in Afghanistan, a major theme in his writing (Bloom). Khaled s works are

Desert Dogs Medical Surplus Is An Up - 1431 Words

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Globalization and Environmental Responsibility

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and Environmental Responsibility. Answer: Introduction: This case study deals with the market research analysis, which is conducted by Ad Lider Embalagens, SA for determining the variables in the market that might impact the launch of new drawstring trash bag product named Climp Fecha Facil. While conducting the research, the company has looked for the consumer habits, consumer preferences and the perceived competitive advantages. The research was divided into two stages, interviews of the focus group and the individual interviews in the market. From the analysis of the market, it can be observed that the company is primarily trying to target for 18.79% market share through this product in the market of trash bag with the handles. Instead of going for all the sizes in the trash bags the company should choose the large size of bags for this particular product as the smaller ones will not be sufficient enough to the regular usages. Also, the color is the prime perception for the bag, therefore, it should be black, it can also be some other color that is dark but it should not a transparent one. The company, which is located in Brazil, while planning to launch their product came up with the major management problem that is to recognize the main characteristics of the market that will affect their launch of the new product. Moreover, the management is also reconsidering it as they think the existing marketing product mix of the specific company will not be able to bring reasonable profits in long term. The company has fixed the successful launch of the product with the right marketing mix as their short term goals, whereas, adding diversification to the product can be considered as their long term management goals for attaining more profits. To manage these issues the company had conducted a market research, where it has been revealed that the product has a huge market of approximately 1.3 billion priced at US$ 120 million. The primary reason behind the research is to analyze the marketing mix of the product that will be followed in the future to make the trash bag product a successful one in the huge market. Consumer Preferences and Market Research The primary reason behind the consumer centric approach of the market research is that the company wants this to be incorporated in the product. As the consumers are broadly distributed in the market, therefore, the understanding of the specific preferences and the usages of consumers will certainly help the management to make the launch of the product a successful one. The consumer preferences are linked with the environmental issues that the consumers are facing every time in their daily life. Therefore, it has a strong impact on their individual consumption habits. As revealed in the case study, the market research has been dome in two of the metropolitan cities and it shows a huge variation in terms of choosing the size of the bags, the frequency of the usage, packaging and color. Therefore, if the product is launched without accurate knowledge of the consumer choice pattern, it will fail miserably. The cost benefit ratio of each of the consumer is significant because an individu al will never waste money randomly on a non-luxurious household good if the basic purpose is not served entirely. Therefore, before the detailing of the market research procedure, the economic classes in the market should be looked thoroughly. From the given data it can be understood that the A B class who has the lower population has taken the highest consumption rate. It was also indicated that these classes generally possess the highest income and this is the main reason of contributing towards the whole consumption. With all the key findings in the market research it can be concluded that the more capacity the bag offers that is better for the consumers, the more darker the color is that is the chosen one for the regular usages, the easier the packaging is better to be managed by the consumers. Furthermore, the company should choose the packaging keeping the target market segment of the products in mind. The handling should be proportional as the company should ensure that the particular needs of the consumers are served by the product. Also the lower the price is better for serving great b enefits for the company. As in most of the cases the product is dealt by the women of the household, the company should have a competitive price at the initial stage. Moreover promotional activities will fetch more brand recognition as advertizing will influence the purchasing choice of the women. Recommendation Therefore the company should bring the product in the market in larger sizes as the larger sizes are chosen by the consumers. The color of the product should be dark, specifically black. The bags may also be offered in rolls as most of the folded or the boxed trash bags are considered to be expensive ones. There should be good amount of promotions as the company needs the consumers aware of the utility and other benefits of the product and it can also increase the brand equity. These will certainly boost the sales of the product and fetch more consumers. Bibliography Braun, Y.A. and Traore, A.S., 2015. Plastic Bags, Pollution, and Identity Women and the Gendering of Globalization and Environmental Responsibility in Mali.Gender Society,29(6), pp.863-887. Hagberg, J., 2016. Agencing practices: a historical exploration of shopping bags.Consumption Markets Culture,19(1), pp.111-132. Sun, M. and Trudel, R., 2016. 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The Role of Women in Life The Women Role During the Civil War Essay Example

The Role of Women in Life: The Women Role During the Civil War Essay The Civil War was a key event in American History. When the Civil War began in 1861, more than 3 million soldiers began to prepare for the battle. Men from all over America were called to fight in these wars. While all this event is a part of everyones life, there is something nobody remembers when thinking about the war is the role of women during the Civil War. The role of women during the war was distinctive and key; they took the role of men at home while at war, they had played special jobs and they also contributed in many ways to the war effort. The lack of men at home drove women to take into their hands different matters and decisions. During the Civil War, women especially faced a host of new duties and responsibilities(history.com). Women were the obvious replacements, and they filled positions previously held by men as well as those specially created by the demands of war (Encyclopedia Virginia). Many women found themselves working outside the home and earning money for the first time in their lives (Encyclopedia Virginia). These facts prove that women could take care of their home even though the men was not there. Women took the role of the men in their home; these made the had to look for a job. Women during Civil War had to look for a job to make money, to live. Even though this job was prohibited, more than four hundred women distinguished themselves as men and became secret soldiers who fought in the union and confederate armies (history.com). Another job women had was, nursing, thousand of women joined volunteer brigades and signed up to work as nurses (history.com). Many women also worked in war relief effort, such as sewing circles where they made clothing for soldiers or they held charity drives where they gather food and medical supplies (History Net). This fact justifies that the work of women was key during the Civil War. Even though for some women working was not something they were used to, they also c We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Women in Life: The Women Role During the Civil War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Women in Life: The Women Role During the Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Women in Life: The Women Role During the Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Movie review The Gods Must Be Crazy

Movie review The Gods Must Be Crazy Introduction Interpersonal communication has several meaning according to its application ranging from personality traits, interactional tools, and the mind orientation. To date, there has never been a universally accepted definition what it is thus challenging for one to define his/her meaning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Movie review: The Gods Must Be Crazy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, through the life process one acquires a unique collection of experiences and ideas defining who or what they are, and in my opinion, this is a suitable definition of cultural origin and practice. Interpersonal communication trends entail those patterns that revolutionize and changes over time, which can be within days, months or years. Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly establish the effects of interpersonal communication patterns, perceptions, verbal codes, nonverbal codes, social episodes, and ro les on personal communication in the film The Gods Must Be Crazy by Jamie Uys in 1980. Interpersonal communication forms In the film The Gods Must Be Crazy, the director presents an interesting cultural interaction between the native San tribe living in the Kalahari Desert and the western culture. The plot of the film focuses on the San relatives headed by Xi who are ignorant of modern life outside the Kalahari Desert. Along the story, there is a blossoming love between a scientist and a teacher, poachers, and nature reflection. The San tribe has everything they need and the gods are fair to them until the Coca-Cola bottle threatens this unity (Uys, scene 18, 1980). The journey to return the Coca-Cola bottle ends up with a long search for two sons who boarded a water track belonging to poachers. Xi displays his survival skills to the modernized parties and the film ends with a happy reunion between father and his two sons. The cultural patterns in the San tribe directly affect their communication. Being a relatively primitive society, they seem to worship the sky and believe that the jet lanes in the sky are roads made by the gods who were very kind to drop for them a Coca-Cola bottle. Being a patriarchal hierarchy, the male is the head of the family cluster and makes the crucial decisions. For instance, Xi had to make the final decision to return the bottle since it was bringing a ‘curse’ to his household (Uys, scene 12, 1980).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Being a communal living culture, the children are expected to play together and have to bow their heads when speaking to the adults. In fact, the communication of visual information and ideas for the last four centuries has been the function that has enabled science to advance, has it has helped people to see how things work. The members of this culture have different sounds for different occasions. For instance, hunting which is a preserve for the males is organized and executed in a unique communication signs. Whenever the hunting is successful, the young adult children would be the first to make it into the village and the adults would share the catch to all the households. The male adults have their special caucuses where they spit on the ground as an approval sign or sigh to reject an opinion. Thus, Visual representational meaning of the communication conveys the relationship between the parties and the depicted structuring. The creation of a visual representational meaning proposed the space-based model for analysis centered in the placement of objects within the semiotic space as controlled and regulated by culture of the parties involved. In the film The Gods Must Be Crazy, several events connote the nonverbal communication of the San tribe culture. For instance, when the younger son of Xi has to face the hyena threatening to kill him, he reaches f or a rod and places it on his head to extend his height probably because hyenas don’t eat adults. On the other hand, the throwing away of the Coca-Cola bottle by Xi could be translated as a sign of disappointment or anger. Besides, throwing food on the ground before and after eating would symbolize feeding the ancestors who provided for their daily needs. Across the film, Xi is fond of placing his left hand on either the forehead or the chest of the person he is communicating with to symbolize peace, blessings, or love for humanity (Uys, scene 16, 1980). Moreover, the marking of animal footprints would represent the nonverbal communication of tracking animals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Movie review: The Gods Must Be Crazy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are several special features to the verbal and nonverbal codes used by the members of the San clan in the film The Gods Must Be Crazy. There is g radual transformation on the film. The only difference in culture lies on the degree and multitude under which it is applied and actively recognized by the community in their proactive reorganization for relevance and meanings of the codes used. For instance, the San culture has embraced dependence as families and adopts extended affiliations as opposed to nuclear family ties. As these families grow bigger and bigger, the majority has finally accepted every member of their families as equals when allocating resources, opportunities, and roles. This trend has necessitated the adoption of cognitive descent, which is a fusion between traditional and spiritual belief orientation that ensures continuity (Alder, Rolls and Proctor 2012). Basically, the verbal and nonverbal codes within this culture are controlled by a collective responsibly and common understanding of what is expected of each member who is assigned a unique role. There are three kinds of meanings that are concerned with bu ilding relationships between the communicating parties that clearly come out in the film The Gods Must Be Crazy: those of (1) attitude, (2) social distance, and (3) contact. Contact is one of the most important visual systems as it enables the viewer to distinguish between images that depict different objects, such as person or animal. Contact visualization is commonly achieved by use the plot that introduces the characters at the beginning of the story (Alder, Rolls and Proctor 2012). Being a predominantly conservative society, the San tribe in the film The Gods Must Be Crazy has distinct social episodes that are governed by specific cultural rules. For instance, in episode 12, when Xi finally makes it to the cliff top surrounded by low lying clouds, he automatically assumes that he had made it to the world’s edge and releases the bottle down the cliff (Uys, scene 19, 1980).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He then makes it back to his family and the whole clan welcomes him with a warm reception. In this episode, it is apparent that making a journey to the edge of the world and coming back a live is equivocal to going to war and coming back alive. This symbolizes the blessings and protection from the gods and must be celebrated. In addition, the San clan believed that they are the only human being on that world and Xi reacts very strangely and assumes that the people he met outside the San clan are actually gods who seemed comparatively huge and had road vehicles. Unlike this uniform social structure of interpersonal communication exhibited by the San Clan, it is apparent that the same would not be possible, especially in the Middle Eastern social structure of interpersonal communication that functions in class system stratification though inclusive of hidden discrepancies associated with caste system such as discrimination of the minorities due to skin color, gender, race, nationality , and religion since it is a state acquired in life and not determined by birth. Being an intriguing idea, the film focuses on social norms as a mirrored reflection of what a society would like to visualize from a string of intertwining ideas. Social norms involve impersonal consciousness, stepwise process, and absolute necessity assumptions aimed at creating a sustainable, friendly, and acceptable irksome feeling (Alder, Rolls and Proctor 2012). The film seems to propagate the significance of culture in interpersonal communication. To begin with, the story line is thought-provoking. On the other hand, it has an interesting struggle premise taking the route of a thought-provoking to venture down the path of action and belief scenes. Reflectively, this creates a feeling of imaginative casting. Factually, the film The Gods Must Be Crazy is very fascinating in aligning beliefs to culture and how the same is interpreted in the interpersonal communication through symbols and codes. This is a vicissitude of life, items that Xi and his two sons turn about to be a necessity for their survival (Uys, scene 21, 1980). Conclusion Generally, the film The Gods Must Be Crazy has an interesting plot besides its richness in augmenting interpersonal communication as a component of culture. The director has fused a documentary approach and humor to present a favorable piece of art that would be of great benefit to an individual interested in exploring intercultural communication and its variable at micro and macro levels of a geographical setting. References Alder, R., Rolls, J., Proctor, R. (2012). Looking out/looking in. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers. Uys, J. (Producer). (1980). The Gods Must Be Crazy [Motion picture]. South Africa. 20th Century Fox.

Business Finance, Computational and mini essay question

Business Finance, Computational and mini question - Essay Example (i) Determine what proportion of Mrs Sensible's 100,000 should be invested in Curtain plc and Blind plc in order to create a portfolio with a beta coefficient of 1.2. Calculate the expected return of such a portfolio. (iii) Specify a more efficient portfolio with the same return characteristics as the portfolio identified in (i) above, and calculate the beta and total risk characteristics of such a portfolio. Fully explain your answer (b) Given the the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) considers more then one factor when attempting to explain the expected return on a security it is thus a more realistic and superios model to the CAPM. Discuss. The recognition of systematic risk makes an asset less desirable. The Capital Asset Pricing Model or CAPM is useful because it provides an explanation for the magnitude of an asset's risk premium, the difference between an asset's expected return and the risk-free interest rate. Although the CAPM has proved useful in real-world applications, it assumes that there is only one source of systematic risk that is found in the market portfolio. However, an alternative theory, Arbitrage Pricing Theory, takes the view that there are several sources of risking the economy that cannot be eliminated by diversification. Instead of calculating a single beta like CAPM, APT calculates many betas by estimating the sensitivity of an asset's return to changes in each facto

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 20

Marketing - Essay Example You must take note of the industrial norms, i.e. the competitors which are already existent within the relevant market. This will make you realize the extent of scope that will be successful when you decide to open up London Pride. When you know about the competition right from the onset then you also discern that how they are playing upon their strengths and what weaknesses exist within their realms. Their weak points are significant since you could play with them and implement them in your own health and fitness club. Their strengths could be replicated and you could incorporate strategies which will make you successful as well. (Baker, 1970) In fact you can exceed the strengths by giving more value to the eventual customers or members of the health and fitness clubs than the competitors are providing at the present. If the marketing environment is dull and mundane, you would have to instill confidence within the customers to come and try for their own betterment the facilities ava ilable at your health and fitness club and thus become fitter and healthier in their respective lives. The marketing environment which exists for London Pride will dictate the way under which you will exploit the strengths that you bring to the table and close down the weaknesses that are already existent within the industry. Now it up to you as to how you balance the positive and the negative stance presented by the industry and how you will counter the very same in a head on manner. Your business is what you must concern yourself with and for that you need to devise a strategy which will not only be wholesome but also exclusive for your own business. The business will only gain from the marketing environment and you should make sure that the hurdles that come your way must not deter you in the wake of launching this health and fitness club. You must get your act together and do

Explain the contribution of Teresa of Avila to mysticism Essay Example for Free

Explain the contribution of Teresa of Avila to mysticism Essay Transfer-Encoding: chunked i »? Explain the contribution of Teresa of Avila to mysticism (35) Mysticism is an aspect of religious experience that is little understood. This term has been used to describe experiences that reveal spiritual recognition of truths beyond normal understanding, from the mildly ecstatic to the occult. It has been said that there are certain features which accompany such experiences which enable their recognition, such as a sense of freedom from the limitations of time, space and the human ego. Believers may also experience a sense of â€Å"oneness† or unity with God, accompanied with bliss and serenity. Mysticism is seen as the closest a human being can ever come to actually meeting God in this life. Mystical experiences can also be classified into two areas: extrovertive, where one experiences unity in the world through the physical senses and introvertive, where the person loses their identity as a separate individual and slowly merges into the divine unity. A key introvertive mystic is Teresa of Avila. In examining her contribution to religious experience, a good place to start is considering her background. Teresa’s background may be key to understanding her enigmatic personality and experiences. She was a woman from a wealthy background and had a turbulent start in life. When she was seven her mother died, and when she was fourteen she ran away to seek martyrdom. She had an alleged love affair with her cousin that tarnished her reputation and effectively made her unmarriable. This, coupled with her obsession with books of chivalry, may have corrupted her view of what love really is. Her father decided to send her into an Augustinian convent where she was very unhappy. This sense of rejection played a major part in her later religious experience. It was while she was in the convent that her religious experiences began. In 1554 she had a deeper conversion when she saw a statue of Jesus after he had been whipped. She was deeply moved and wrote, â€Å"I felt so keenly aware of how poorly I had thanked him for those wounds that, it seems to me, my heart broke. I threw myself down before him with the greatest outpouring of heart. † After this experience she progressed into a life of intense prayer and the Catholic practice of mortification, so much so that he motto became, Lord, either let me suffer or let me die. She was also deeply influenced by the Confessions of Augustine and other theological books – although she did not have access to the Bible. Perhaps the single most influential experience she had was when she ‘came back from the dead’ after suffering from what is thought to have been malaria. This increased her notoriety. Moving on, Teresa was encouraged to write about her experiences and her books continue to influence mysticism today. Her two main writings are Way of Perfection and The Interior Castle. Way of Perfection is considered her spiritual autobiography. Here she emphasises the importance of praying mentally as well as vocally. In sixteenth century Spain the common people were encouraged to restrict themselves to vain repetitions of learned-off prayers, Teresa rejected this in favour of a more personal relationship with God. Her superbly inspiring classic on the practice of prayer is as fresh and meaningful today as it was when she first wrote it. The Way of Perfection is a practical guide to prayer setting forth the Saints counsels and directives for the attainment of spiritual perfection. Through the entire work there runs the authors desire to teach a deep and lasting love of prayer beginning with a treatment of the three essentials of the prayer-filled life fraternal love, detachment from created things, and true humility. St. Teresas counsels on these are not only the fruit of lofty mental speculation, but of mature practical experience. In The Interior Castle she compares the soul to a castle with seven rooms, with the Trinitarian God residing in the inner room. Growth in prayer enables the believer to reach a deeper intimacy with God, symbolised by a progressive journey through the rooms of the castle. She also describes the resistance that the Devil places in various rooms, to keep believers from union with God. Throughout, she provides encouragements and advice for spiritual development. Teresa’s writings lack Biblical references due to the Spanish Inquisition restricting access to the scriptures, and this grieved her. William James identified four characteristics of religious experience: ineffability; noetic quality; transiency and passivity. All of these care clearly apparent with Teresa’s experiences. Starting with ineffability, this is when one experiences a feeling that cannot be described to anyone else. She wrote that, â€Å"the soul is fully awake as regards God, but wholly asleep as regards the things of this world. † Secondly, noetic quality is when the mystic experience gives insight into truths unobtainable by the intellect alone. This is also apparent in Theresa’s experiences: â€Å"when I return to myself, it is wholly impossible for me to doubt that I have been in God, and God in me. † Thirdly, transiency. The religious experience does not last for long, usually half an hour or so. Though they are remembered, they are imperfectly recalled, but recognised if they reoccur – the recipient usually feels a profound sense of the importance of the experience. Associated with Teresa’s raptures are always visions. Her most famous vision involved her seeing a small angel with a beautiful face holding â€Å"a long golden spear† tipped with a â€Å"little fire† which he thrust into her heart. Finally, there is passivity, when the mystic feels as if they have been taken over by a superior power. In Teresa’s case, her visions were sometimes accompanied by levitation or strange screams. It could be this aspect that led many to believe she was possessed by the devil. In terms of impact, Teresa of Avila had a profound influence on religious experience. She the first female saint of the Roman Catholic Church – the saint of headache sufferers, rather oddly. She was somewhat of a reformer, emphasising a personal relationship with God above rigid sacramentalism. In 1562 she established the strict Carmelite order in various areas of Spain and her writings continue to be studied by believers today.

My Personal Strengths and Weaknesses Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that life is a learning experience and being able to recognize our own strengths and weaknesses can help us become better individuals in anything we choose to do, whether it is positive abilities and skills that can help achieve our goals or negative personal areas that need improvement. Knowing yourself and what you can do, can help you recognize and overcome your weaknesses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of my greatest strengths at work that I have recognized would have to be my ability to be a well-organized individual. I tend to write what I have to do down on paper and prioritize what is more important to least important. In doing this, it helps me organize and accomplish my work and meet deadlines that are important. A personal strength that I have at home is patience. I am a mother of a beautiful three year old little girl who is a handful. Patience is my greatest strength as a parent and individual which I possess especially being a single mother. I am a dedicated and hard working mother and I always make sure that my daughter gets the love and attention she needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my Learning team, my personal strength is having good people skills. I meet and get involved with new people everyday whether it be work or school related. I enjoy speaking, listening and giving input to my team members so that they are aware that they can count on me to participate as a team player in our Learning Team. Good people skills are very important in a group setting because of all the di... My Personal Strengths and Weaknesses Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that life is a learning experience and being able to recognize our own strengths and weaknesses can help us become better individuals in anything we choose to do, whether it is positive abilities and skills that can help achieve our goals or negative personal areas that need improvement. Knowing yourself and what you can do, can help you recognize and overcome your weaknesses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of my greatest strengths at work that I have recognized would have to be my ability to be a well-organized individual. I tend to write what I have to do down on paper and prioritize what is more important to least important. In doing this, it helps me organize and accomplish my work and meet deadlines that are important. A personal strength that I have at home is patience. I am a mother of a beautiful three year old little girl who is a handful. Patience is my greatest strength as a parent and individual which I possess especially being a single mother. I am a dedicated and hard working mother and I always make sure that my daughter gets the love and attention she needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my Learning team, my personal strength is having good people skills. I meet and get involved with new people everyday whether it be work or school related. I enjoy speaking, listening and giving input to my team members so that they are aware that they can count on me to participate as a team player in our Learning Team. Good people skills are very important in a group setting because of all the di...

Deception Point Page 59

In about five minutes the President would introduce Ekstrom and his NASA staff. Then, in a dramatic satellite linkup from the top of the world, NASA would join the President in sharing this news with the world. After a brief account of how the discovery was made, what it meant for space science, and some mutual backpatting, NASA and the President would hand duty off to celebrity scientist Michael Tolland, whose documentary would roll for just under fifteen minutes. Afterward, with credibility and enthusiasm at its peak, Ekstrom and the President would say their good-nights, promising more information to come in the days ahead via endless NASA press conferences. As Ekstrom sat and waited for his cue, he felt a cavernous shame settling inside him. He'd known he would feel it. He'd been expecting it. He'd told lies†¦ endorsed untruths. Somehow, though, the lies seemed inconsequential now. Ekstrom had a bigger weight on his mind. In the chaos of the ABC production room, Gabrielle Ashe stood shoulder to shoulder with dozens of strangers, all necks craned toward the bank of television monitors suspended from the ceiling. A hush fell as the moment arrived. Gabrielle closed her eyes, praying that when she opened them she would not be looking at images of her own naked body. The air inside Senator Sexton's den was alive with excitement. All of his visitors were standing now, their eyes glued to the large-screen television. Zach Herney stood before the world, and incredibly, his greeting had been awkward. He seemed momentarily uncertain. He looks shaky, Sexton thought. He never looks shaky. â€Å"Look at him,† somebody whispered. â€Å"It has to be bad news.† The space station? Sexton wondered. Herney looked directly into the camera and took a deep breath. â€Å"My friends, I have puzzled for many days now over how best to make this announcement†¦ â€Å" Three easy words, Senator Sexton willed him. We blew it. Herney spoke for a moment about how unfortunate it was that NASA had become such an issue in this election and how, that being the case, he felt he needed to preface the timing of his impending statement with an apology. â€Å"I would have preferred any other moment in history to make this announcement,† he said. â€Å"The political charge in the air tends to make doubters out of dreamers, and yet as your President, I have no choice but to share with you what I have recently learned.† He smiled. â€Å"It seems the magic of the cosmos is something which does not work on any human schedule†¦ not even that of a president.† Everyone in Sexton's den seemed to recoil in unison. What? â€Å"Two weeks ago,† Herney said, â€Å"NASA's new Polar Orbiting Density Scanner passed over the Milne Ice Shelf on Ellesmere Island, a remote landmass located above the Eightieth Parallel in the high Arctic Ocean.† Sexton and the others exchanged confused looks. â€Å"This NASA satellite,† Herney continued, â€Å"detected a large, high-density rock buried two hundred feet under the ice.† Herney smiled now for the first time, finding his stride. â€Å"On receiving the data, NASA immediately suspected PODS had found a meteorite.† â€Å"A meteorite?† Sexton sputtered, standing. â€Å"This is news?† â€Å"NASA sent a team up to the ice shelf to take core samples. It was then that NASA made†¦ † He paused. â€Å"Frankly, they made the scientific discovery of the century.† Sexton took an incredulous step toward the television. No†¦. His guests shifted uneasily. â€Å"Ladies and gentlemen,† Herney announced, â€Å"several hours ago, NASA pulled from the Arctic ice an eight-ton meteorite, which contains†¦ † The President paused again, giving the whole world time to lean forward. â€Å"A meteorite which contains fossils of a life-form. Dozens of them. Unequivocal proof of extraterrestrial life.† On cue, a brilliant image illuminated on the screen behind the President-a perfectly delineated fossil of an enormous buglike creature embedded in a charred rock. In Sexton's den, six entrepreneurs jumped up in wide-eyed horror. Sexton stood frozen in place. â€Å"My friends,† the President said, â€Å"the fossil behind me is 190 million years old. It was discovered in a fragment of a meteorite called the Jungersol Fall which hit the Arctic Ocean almost three centuries ago. NASA's exciting new PODS satellite discovered this meteorite fragment buried in an ice shelf. NASA and this administration have taken enormous care over the past two weeks to confirm every aspect of this momentous discovery before making it public. In the next half hour you will be hearing from numerous NASA and civilian scientists, as well as viewing a short documentary prepared by a familiar face whom I'm sure you all will recognize. Before I go any further, though, I absolutely must welcome, live via satellite from above the Arctic Circle, the man whose leadership, vision, and hard work is solely responsible for this historic moment. It is with great honor that I present NASA administrator Lawrence Ekstrom.† Herney turned to the screen on perfect cue. The image of the meteorite dramatically dissolved into a regal-looking panel of NASA scientists seated at a long table, flanked by the dominant frame of Lawrence Ekstrom. â€Å"Thank you, Mr. President.† Ekstrom's air was stern and proud as he stood up and looked directly into the camera. â€Å"It gives me great pride to share with all of you, this-NASA's finest hour.† Ekstrom spoke passionately about NASA and the discovery. With a fanfare of patriotism and triumph, he segued flawlessly to a documentary hosted by civilian science-celebrity Michael Tolland. As he watched, Senator Sexton fell to his knees in front of the television, his fingers clutching at his silver mane. No! God, no! 69 Marjorie Tench was livid as she broke away from the jovial chaos outside the Briefing Room and marched back to her private corner in the West Wing. She was in no mood for celebration. The phone call from Rachel Sexton had been most unexpected. Most disappointing. Tench slammed her office door, stalked to her desk, and dialed the White House operator. â€Å"William Pickering. NRO.† Tench lit a cigarette and paced the room as she waited for the operator to track down Pickering. Normally, he might have gone home for the night, but with the White House's big windup into tonight's press conference, Tench guessed Pickering had been in his office all evening, glued to his television screen, wondering what could possibly be going on in the world about which the NRO director did not have prior knowledge. Tench cursed herself for not trusting her instincts when the President said he wanted to send Rachel Sexton to Milne. Tench had been wary, feeling it was an unnecessary risk. But the President had been convincing, persuading Tench that the White House staff had grown cynical over the past weeks and would be suspect of the NASA discovery if the news came from in-house. As Herney had promised, Rachel Sexton's endorsement had squelched suspicions, prevented any skeptical in-house debate, and forced the White House staff to move forward with a unified front. Invaluable, Tench had to admit. And yet now Rachel Sexton had changed her tune. The bitch called me on an unsecured line. Rachel Sexton was obviously intent on destroying the credibility of this discovery, and Tench's only solace was knowing the President had captured Rachel's earlier briefing on videotape. Thank God. At least Herney had thought to obtain that small insurance. Tench was starting to fear they were going to need it. At the moment, however, Tench was trying to stem the bleeding in other ways. Rachel Sexton was a smart woman, and if she truly intended to go head-to-head with the White House and NASA, she would need to recruit some powerful allies. Her first logical choice would be William Pickering. Tench already knew how Pickering felt about NASA. She needed to get to Pickering before Rachel did.

Essay on Stem-Cell Research and the Media - 1614 Words

Stem-Cell Research and the Media Biomedical technology is getting much press due to the stem-cell debate. A controversial topic in itself, with the President of the United States taking a stand on the issue for funding purposes, the topic has received even more press over the consequences resulting from President Bushs decision. With the Presidents approval rating well over 80 percent since the September 11th attack, those who contest any of his decisions have been receiving feelings of anger from those who support him. I, however, would like to take a stand and contest Bushs decision to limit the stem cell research funding. This paper presents two articles that examine Bushs decision in different ways; one looks at†¦show more content†¦Readers of this article probably differ in their familiarity with Bushs decision; some already know about President Bushs decision to limit the funding of the research, and thus Begley found no reason to bring up the Presidents decision because many people have very stro ng opinions about the decision. Other readers, however, may not have previously known the actual funding limits created by Bush. Begley does not try to convey Bushs decision in this article, only to discuss the future research effects of this decision and announcement. In a way, Begley is trying to sell to the audience on the idea that 64 lines is not enough, thus taking a stand against Bushs decision to limit the federal funding of stem-cell research to the number of colonies currently in existence. While Begleys words do not imply any direct disagreement with Bushs limit, she would have taken a different approach and used different quotations if the purpose of this article were to commend the presidents decision that 64 lines are enough. In such a case, Begley would not have ended her article with 64 might not be 64 after all, but rather a quotation that suggests the potential power of the 64 lines. Begleys article attempts to immerse the reader in the stem-cell debate. A strong part of thisShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Over Embryonic Stem Cell Research1543 Words   |  7 PagesWhile embryonic stem cell research has been ongoing for more than 30 years, it has only become a controversial topic over the past decade. The embryonic stem cell was first isolated in 1981 by two scientists at the University of Cambridge. However, it wasn’t until 1998 at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where the first batch of embryonic stem cells were created in a test tube. In 2001, President George W. 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